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Alberta
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Northwest Territories
Yukon
Nunavut
CWELCC TRACKER
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
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Previous Reports
ECE Report 2020
Overview 2020
Methodology
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Media
About the Authors
ECE Report 2017
Summary Report 2017
Summary Report
Attention to Governance
More Funding
Access
Quality
Accountability
Challenges
Acknowledgements
Terms Used
ECE Report 2017 Results
ECE Trends
Methodology
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report
References
Federal Profile
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Charts and Graphs
ECE Report 2014
Executive Summary
The Policy Gap
Attention to Governance
More Funding
More Programming
Improved Quality
Challenges Remain
Access Matters but so Does Quality
Funding Methodology Matters
The Education/Care Gap
Results
Early Childhood Education - Full Report
Direct Federal Funding to ECE Programs
Policy Developments: The Provinces & Territories
1. Governance
2. Funding
3. Access
5. Accountability
4. Learning Environments
6. Trends
References
Terms used in the Early Childhood Education Report 2014
Acknowledgements
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report 2014 Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report 2014
References
About the Authors
Questions & Answers
Results at a Glance
What Others are Saying
Presentations & Resources
Presentations
Videos
ECE Report 2011 (Early Years Study 3)
Introduction: Foundations are Stepping up for Children
1. Getting crazy for the kids
2. Changing the conversation
3. The resources can be found
4. Turning Science into Action
Introduction: Mothers and others needed for healthy human development
1. Childhood makes us human
2. Closing the gap between rich and poor
Introduction: References
Chapter 1: A Smart Start for School and Life
1. Good education cares
2. The child care dilemma
3. The loop in the public debate
4. Starting from education's base
5. One-in-four start out disadvantaged
6. Democracy in trouble
7. Making a difference
8. Paying for inaction
9. Turning chaos into systems
10. Changing populations
11. Changing families
Chapter 1: Figures
Chapter 1: References
Chapter 2: Early Life and Learning, Behaviour and Health
1. Genes and environments
2. Building the brain's architecture
3. Sensory Pathways
4. The limbic system pathways
5. Prefrontal cortex pathways
6. Language pathways
7. Learning, behaviour and health
8. Early adversity and later life
9. Consilience: A new framework of understanding
Chapter 2: Figures
Chapter 2: References
Chapter 3: Creating Spaces and Places for Young Children and Families
1. Celebrating childhood
2. What early childhood education offers children and families
3. Components of quality early childhood education
4. Educators matter
5. Early childhood options for all
6. Challenges to early childhood service integration
7. Benefits of early childhood program integration
8. New thinking for new challenges
9. Influencing policy change
Chapter 3: Figures
Chapter 3: References
Chapter 4: Early Childhood Education as Economic Development
1. Decades of research reveal benefits
2. Canadian cost-benefit analyses
3. Developing community capacity to support children
4. Child care as regional economic development
5. Preschool as economic stimulus
6. Early childhood programming: A no cost solution
7. Wisely investing in early childhood
Chapter 4: Figures
Chapter 4: References
Chapter 5: Public Policy Shapes Early Childhood Programs
1. Federal involvement in ECE policy and programs
2. Direct federal funding to ECE programs
3.1 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Governance
3.2 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Funding
3.3 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Access
3.4 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Learning Environments
4. Curriculum
5. Next Steps
Chapter 5: Figures
Chapter 5: References
Chapter 6: Where are we? How Far do we have to go?
1. Improving outcomes for children
2. Three make passing grade
Chapter 6: Figures
Chapter 6: References
Download the Study
ECE Report
Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Developing the Report
The influence of the OECD and other international measures
The ECDI categories
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for the Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Download Report
All Studies
Workforce
Resources
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs 2023
Questions & Answers
Videos
Media
About the Authors
Contact
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Overview
Profiles
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Yukon
Nunavut
CWELCC TRACKER
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Results & Trends
Methodology
Previous Reports
ECE Report 2020
Overview 2020
Methodology
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs
Q & A
Videos
Media
About the Authors
ECE Report 2017
Summary Report 2017
Summary Report
Attention to Governance
More Funding
Access
Quality
Accountability
Challenges
Acknowledgements
Terms Used
ECE Report 2017 Results
ECE Trends
Methodology
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report
References
Federal Profile
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Charts and Graphs
ECE Report 2014
Executive Summary
The Policy Gap
Attention to Governance
More Funding
More Programming
Improved Quality
Challenges Remain
Access Matters but so Does Quality
Funding Methodology Matters
The Education/Care Gap
Results
Early Childhood Education - Full Report
Direct Federal Funding to ECE Programs
Policy Developments: The Provinces & Territories
1. Governance
2. Funding
3. Access
5. Accountability
4. Learning Environments
6. Trends
References
Terms used in the Early Childhood Education Report 2014
Acknowledgements
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report 2014 Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report 2014
References
About the Authors
Questions & Answers
Results at a Glance
What Others are Saying
Presentations & Resources
Presentations
Videos
ECE Report 2011 (Early Years Study 3)
Introduction: Foundations are Stepping up for Children
1. Getting crazy for the kids
2. Changing the conversation
3. The resources can be found
4. Turning Science into Action
Introduction: Mothers and others needed for healthy human development
1. Childhood makes us human
2. Closing the gap between rich and poor
Introduction: References
Chapter 1: A Smart Start for School and Life
1. Good education cares
2. The child care dilemma
3. The loop in the public debate
4. Starting from education's base
5. One-in-four start out disadvantaged
6. Democracy in trouble
7. Making a difference
8. Paying for inaction
9. Turning chaos into systems
10. Changing populations
11. Changing families
Chapter 1: Figures
Chapter 1: References
Chapter 2: Early Life and Learning, Behaviour and Health
1. Genes and environments
2. Building the brain's architecture
3. Sensory Pathways
4. The limbic system pathways
5. Prefrontal cortex pathways
6. Language pathways
7. Learning, behaviour and health
8. Early adversity and later life
9. Consilience: A new framework of understanding
Chapter 2: Figures
Chapter 2: References
Chapter 3: Creating Spaces and Places for Young Children and Families
1. Celebrating childhood
2. What early childhood education offers children and families
3. Components of quality early childhood education
4. Educators matter
5. Early childhood options for all
6. Challenges to early childhood service integration
7. Benefits of early childhood program integration
8. New thinking for new challenges
9. Influencing policy change
Chapter 3: Figures
Chapter 3: References
Chapter 4: Early Childhood Education as Economic Development
1. Decades of research reveal benefits
2. Canadian cost-benefit analyses
3. Developing community capacity to support children
4. Child care as regional economic development
5. Preschool as economic stimulus
6. Early childhood programming: A no cost solution
7. Wisely investing in early childhood
Chapter 4: Figures
Chapter 4: References
Chapter 5: Public Policy Shapes Early Childhood Programs
1. Federal involvement in ECE policy and programs
2. Direct federal funding to ECE programs
3.1 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Governance
3.2 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Funding
3.3 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Access
3.4 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Learning Environments
4. Curriculum
5. Next Steps
Chapter 5: Figures
Chapter 5: References
Chapter 6: Where are we? How Far do we have to go?
1. Improving outcomes for children
2. Three make passing grade
Chapter 6: Figures
Chapter 6: References
Download the Study
ECE Report
Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Developing the Report
The influence of the OECD and other international measures
The ECDI categories
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for the Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Download Report
All Studies
Workforce
Resources
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs 2023
Questions & Answers
Videos
Media
About the Authors
Contact
Overview
Profiles
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Yukon
Nunavut
CWELCC TRACKER
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Results & Trends
Methodology
Previous Reports
ECE Report 2020
Overview 2020
Methodology
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs
Q & A
Videos
Media
About the Authors
ECE Report 2017
Summary Report 2017
Summary Report
Attention to Governance
More Funding
Access
Quality
Accountability
Challenges
Acknowledgements
Terms Used
ECE Report 2017 Results
ECE Trends
Methodology
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report
References
Federal Profile
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Charts and Graphs
ECE Report 2014
Executive Summary
The Policy Gap
Attention to Governance
More Funding
More Programming
Improved Quality
Challenges Remain
Access Matters but so Does Quality
Funding Methodology Matters
The Education/Care Gap
Results
Early Childhood Education - Full Report
Direct Federal Funding to ECE Programs
Policy Developments: The Provinces & Territories
1. Governance
2. Funding
3. Access
5. Accountability
4. Learning Environments
6. Trends
References
Terms used in the Early Childhood Education Report 2014
Acknowledgements
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report 2014 Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report 2014
References
About the Authors
Questions & Answers
Results at a Glance
What Others are Saying
Presentations & Resources
Presentations
Videos
ECE Report 2011 (Early Years Study 3)
Introduction: Foundations are Stepping up for Children
1. Getting crazy for the kids
2. Changing the conversation
3. The resources can be found
4. Turning Science into Action
Introduction: Mothers and others needed for healthy human development
1. Childhood makes us human
2. Closing the gap between rich and poor
Introduction: References
Chapter 1: A Smart Start for School and Life
1. Good education cares
2. The child care dilemma
3. The loop in the public debate
4. Starting from education's base
5. One-in-four start out disadvantaged
6. Democracy in trouble
7. Making a difference
8. Paying for inaction
9. Turning chaos into systems
10. Changing populations
11. Changing families
Chapter 1: Figures
Chapter 1: References
Chapter 2: Early Life and Learning, Behaviour and Health
1. Genes and environments
2. Building the brain's architecture
3. Sensory Pathways
4. The limbic system pathways
5. Prefrontal cortex pathways
6. Language pathways
7. Learning, behaviour and health
8. Early adversity and later life
9. Consilience: A new framework of understanding
Chapter 2: Figures
Chapter 2: References
Chapter 3: Creating Spaces and Places for Young Children and Families
1. Celebrating childhood
2. What early childhood education offers children and families
3. Components of quality early childhood education
4. Educators matter
5. Early childhood options for all
6. Challenges to early childhood service integration
7. Benefits of early childhood program integration
8. New thinking for new challenges
9. Influencing policy change
Chapter 3: Figures
Chapter 3: References
Chapter 4: Early Childhood Education as Economic Development
1. Decades of research reveal benefits
2. Canadian cost-benefit analyses
3. Developing community capacity to support children
4. Child care as regional economic development
5. Preschool as economic stimulus
6. Early childhood programming: A no cost solution
7. Wisely investing in early childhood
Chapter 4: Figures
Chapter 4: References
Chapter 5: Public Policy Shapes Early Childhood Programs
1. Federal involvement in ECE policy and programs
2. Direct federal funding to ECE programs
3.1 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Governance
3.2 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Funding
3.3 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Access
3.4 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Learning Environments
4. Curriculum
5. Next Steps
Chapter 5: Figures
Chapter 5: References
Chapter 6: Where are we? How Far do we have to go?
1. Improving outcomes for children
2. Three make passing grade
Chapter 6: Figures
Chapter 6: References
Download the Study
ECE Report
Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Developing the Report
The influence of the OECD and other international measures
The ECDI categories
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for the Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Download Report
All Studies
Workforce
Resources
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs 2023
Questions & Answers
Videos
Media
About the Authors
Contact
Overview
Profiles
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Yukon
Nunavut
CWELCC TRACKER
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Results & Trends
Methodology
Previous Reports
ECE Report 2020
Overview 2020
Methodology
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs
Q & A
Videos
Media
About the Authors
ECE Report 2017
Summary Report 2017
Summary Report
Attention to Governance
More Funding
Access
Quality
Accountability
Challenges
Acknowledgements
Terms Used
ECE Report 2017 Results
ECE Trends
Methodology
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report
References
Federal Profile
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Federal
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Charts and Graphs
ECE Report 2014
Executive Summary
The Policy Gap
Attention to Governance
More Funding
More Programming
Improved Quality
Challenges Remain
Access Matters but so Does Quality
Funding Methodology Matters
The Education/Care Gap
Results
Early Childhood Education - Full Report
Direct Federal Funding to ECE Programs
Policy Developments: The Provinces & Territories
1. Governance
2. Funding
3. Access
5. Accountability
4. Learning Environments
6. Trends
References
Terms used in the Early Childhood Education Report 2014
Acknowledgements
Provincial/Territorial Profiles
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Northwest Territories
Methodology
Developing the Report
The Influence of The OECD and other International Measures
The ECE Report 2014 Categories
Attaining the Benchmarks
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for The Early Childhood Education Report 2014
References
About the Authors
Questions & Answers
Results at a Glance
What Others are Saying
Presentations & Resources
Presentations
Videos
ECE Report 2011 (Early Years Study 3)
Introduction: Foundations are Stepping up for Children
1. Getting crazy for the kids
2. Changing the conversation
3. The resources can be found
4. Turning Science into Action
Introduction: Mothers and others needed for healthy human development
1. Childhood makes us human
2. Closing the gap between rich and poor
Introduction: References
Chapter 1: A Smart Start for School and Life
1. Good education cares
2. The child care dilemma
3. The loop in the public debate
4. Starting from education's base
5. One-in-four start out disadvantaged
6. Democracy in trouble
7. Making a difference
8. Paying for inaction
9. Turning chaos into systems
10. Changing populations
11. Changing families
Chapter 1: Figures
Chapter 1: References
Chapter 2: Early Life and Learning, Behaviour and Health
1. Genes and environments
2. Building the brain's architecture
3. Sensory Pathways
4. The limbic system pathways
5. Prefrontal cortex pathways
6. Language pathways
7. Learning, behaviour and health
8. Early adversity and later life
9. Consilience: A new framework of understanding
Chapter 2: Figures
Chapter 2: References
Chapter 3: Creating Spaces and Places for Young Children and Families
1. Celebrating childhood
2. What early childhood education offers children and families
3. Components of quality early childhood education
4. Educators matter
5. Early childhood options for all
6. Challenges to early childhood service integration
7. Benefits of early childhood program integration
8. New thinking for new challenges
9. Influencing policy change
Chapter 3: Figures
Chapter 3: References
Chapter 4: Early Childhood Education as Economic Development
1. Decades of research reveal benefits
2. Canadian cost-benefit analyses
3. Developing community capacity to support children
4. Child care as regional economic development
5. Preschool as economic stimulus
6. Early childhood programming: A no cost solution
7. Wisely investing in early childhood
Chapter 4: Figures
Chapter 4: References
Chapter 5: Public Policy Shapes Early Childhood Programs
1. Federal involvement in ECE policy and programs
2. Direct federal funding to ECE programs
3.1 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Governance
3.2 Policy developments: The provinces and territories - Funding
3.3 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Access
3.4 Policy developments: The Provinces and Territories - Learning Environments
4. Curriculum
5. Next Steps
Chapter 5: Figures
Chapter 5: References
Chapter 6: Where are we? How Far do we have to go?
1. Improving outcomes for children
2. Three make passing grade
Chapter 6: Figures
Chapter 6: References
Download the Study
ECE Report
Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Developing the Report
The influence of the OECD and other international measures
The ECDI categories
I. Benchmarks focused on governance for integrated early childhood education
II. Benchmarks focused on funding to promote quality, access and equity
III. Benchmarks focused on equitable access
IV. Benchmarks focusing on quality in the early learning environment
V. Benchmarks focused on accountability
Next Steps for the Early Childhood Education Report 2011
Download Report
All Studies
Workforce
Resources
Acknowledgements
Terms & Definitions
Charts and Graphs 2023
Questions & Answers
Videos
Media
About the Authors
Contact
Table 3.2 Manitoba Labour Force Participation of Mothers by Age of Youngest Child (2019)
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© 2025
Atkinson Centre
, All rights reserved
Contact Us
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